The records include a death date for the patient. Scotland . Stuart Farrell has provided the Inverness District Asylum records. Search over 9000 transcribed and indexed patient case notes from the Powick Lunatic Asylum covering 1852-1916) Lasswade parish records - Genealogy and Family History in Scotland Records -> Midlothian Lasswade records Lookup searches - Access records in Scottish archives for ancestors in this parish (e.g. www.findmypast.co.uk(Hampshire, Portsmouth Hospital Records, 1878-1918. The Dedicated Record Collector in San Jose, CA was a great little record store that I tons of great vinyl from in the early to mid 1980's. The owner (a guy named Rex, I believe) had a great selection of new and used vinyl at good prices. Prof Harper said the disproportionate number of migrants at the hospital could be expected given BC was a relatively new province, most of whose population had been born overseas or in other parts of Canada. Although provision now existed for sufferers, many were still sent to the workhouse. I wish they had left a record of what it was like to arrive here for the first time. Prof Harper said: I think what the research shows is the dark side, the flip side of what we normally hear about emigration. The database will show the present and past name and location of the hospital, the administrative details and history of the hospital and the existence of lists, catalogues or other finding aids) Mental Health Care in Modern England: The Norfolk Lunatic Asylum/St Andrews Hospital, 1810-1998: Boydell, 2003, Cohen, Deborah, Family Secrets: Living with Shame from the Victorians to the Present Day: Viking, 2013, Davis, Mark & Kidd, Marina. Post:Scottish GovernmentEquality UnitDirectorate for Local Government and CommunitiesAsylum and Refugee IntegrationArea 3H NorthVictoria QuayEdinburghEH6 6QQ. The residence in the menntal health records index has not been separated into parishes, counties or countries. The Trade in Lunacy: A Study of Private Madhouses in England in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries: Routledge, 1971, Perceval, John. https://19.bbk.ac.uk/article/id/1661(The City of Others: Photographs from the City of London Asylum Archive. Asylum: Inside the Pauper Lunatic Asylums: Amberley Publishing, 2014, Draper, Christopher. To only allow the cookies that make the site work, click 'Use essential cookies only.' From 1861, the census returns made special provision for enumerating those with mental health problems by describing patients as either idiots, imbeciles or lunatics. The admission records are part of the MC2 series, Notices of Admissions by the Superintendent of the Mental Institutions. www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/mental-health, https://bedsarchives.bedford.gov.uk/Newsletters/150yearsofFairfieldHospital.aspx, www.gloucestershire.gov.uk/archives/learning-for-all/online-exhibitions, https://psychology.jrank.org/pages/767/asylums-historical-survey.html, https://wellcomelibrary.org/collections/subject-guides/biography-and-family-history, www.catalogue.wyjs.org.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=C000085, https://thetimechamber.co.uk/beta/sites/asylums, https://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1192667, www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/mental-health, www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/medicine/victorian-mental-asylum, www.scottishindexes.com/learninghealth.aspx, https://manchesterarchiveplus.wordpress.com/2015/02/02/the-prestwich-asylum, www.sochealth.co.uk/national-health-service/hospitals/englands-first-state-imbecile-asylums, https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C10855, www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/hospitalrecords, https://museumofthemind.org.uk/collections/archives, https://wellcomelibrary.org/collections/digital-collections/mental-healthcare, https://medicalmuseum.org.uk/powick-patients, www.sheffield.gov.uk/home/libraries-archives/access-archives-local-studies-library/research-guides/mental-health. If you dont find the result that you are looking for try leaving one (or both) of these boxes blank. Provided in association with London Metropolitan Archives) A refugee is a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, violence or persecution. As this involves a trip to the National Records of Scotland in Edinburgh it can take a few weeks to process your order. We are also fortunate to be able to hear refugees and asylum seekers in Scotland speaking about their experiences and lives in their own words, through oral history projects like Settled in Glasgow Oral History Archive and the British Librarys Listening Project. Electoral rolls from the region of Fife, Scotland for the years 1914-1966. www.catalogue.wyjs.org.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=C000085 (West Yorkshire Archive Service: Catalogue description of records from the Stanley Royd Hospital, formerly the West Riding Pauper Lunatic Asylum Wakefield) experience. www.eastriding.gov.uk/CalmView(Broadgate Hospital Mental Hospital Archives, 1871-1906: Online access to the male and female case books from the Broadgate Hospital [formerly East Riding Mental Hospital], East Riding of Yorkshire archive [formerly East Riding Mental Hospital]. This collection of admission and register records includes records that were transcribed by Graham and Emma Maxwell from the original records held at the National Records of Scotland. Basic Facts About Lunatics in England and Wales. Asylum records are closed to the general public for 100 years but may be accessed by family members however it is not uncommon to only find that a first name is given in the institution registers. The. This number was assigned to a patient on their first admission, and stayed with them through later transfers or re-admissions. Consult our Inverness District Asylum records for staff/patient details as well as the history and development of Inverness District Asylum (Craig Dunain). Every day in Scotland people arrive, leave, get their refugee status, receive refusals from the Home Office, get citizenship ordecide that this is their home for good. www.highroydshospital.com(High Royds Hospital: Digital archive dedicated to the former Pauper Lunatic Asylum, Menston, Yorkshire) If you're an asylum seeker in Scotland you can access Scottish healthcare and schools. Prof Harper will deliver at lecture at the University of Highlands and Islands in Inverness on Wednesday on her research. GenGuide is completely non-profit and I enjoy looking out for new resources and keeping the site up to date. An onlinecatalogueof the holdings is available at the website), Wellcome Library(Holdings include: Books, articles, manuscripts, asylum annual reports, photos and other material), Berkshire Record Office(Broadmoor Hospital recordsandFair Mile Hospital records. Scottish Asylum Records | Asylum records can help you understand your ancestors but they can also help you trace your family history. Try widening the death year range if you do not find the person you are looking for. Call us to schedule a time to bring in your vinyl collection. SC042593. Records of Scottish asylums have also been checked as part of Prof Harpers ongoing research into mental health and migration. If you are using both surname boxes, it does not matter which way round you enter the two surnames. Belal, one of the photographers, describes one of his images and the scene it portrays: Through these photos we capture and preserve memories of our lives here in Scotland. Previous location . You can change your cookie settings at any time. Historians of the future will thank you. For the 1851 census, the returns covering asylums only supplied the patients initial (s) and not the surname but this was not always the case. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Scotland has a long history of welcoming refugees and asylum seekers and recognises it is a human right to be able to seek asylum in another country. This mass building programme began with the 1808 County Asylums Act which saw the building of asylums in many areas but not every county. Scottish, Were pleased to announce that the 2023 Refugee Festival Scotland Media Awards are now open, Would you like to be part of the Refugee Festival Scotland programme? Most records will be found locally as no central repository of records exists. You can search the indexes and purchase scans of the original records if needed. I do this for nothing because family history research is all about helping each other. . When genealogy research goes back in time beyond the start of the Scottish civil records in 1855, finding evidence of ancestors in the Old Parish Records can be tricky and records aren't always to be found for various reasons. Contact Email: [email protected] Telephone: 0300 244 4000 Post: Scottish Government Equality Unit At present these are the only volumes in the series that are open, and cover the years 1858 to 1921. help section. Another trigger might be an alien environment. www.scottishindexes.com(Scottish Indexes: Mental Health Records, 1858 1915. Bedlam: Londons Hospital for the Mad: Ian Allan Publishing, 2009, Chater, Kathy. If we could manage to pay his fare, would it be possible to get him transferred to any institution here, where we at least could see him? Records show he had previously emigrated to Colorado where he had worked as a cowboy. We have also added pages for some other institutions which operated prior to 1857, and which opened later, but many still need to be added. Enter an institution name in the first box, or a county name in the second box. Click 'Accept all cookies' to agree to all cookies that collect anonymous data. Many Chilean exiles were extremely active in the trade union movement, making an impact on Scottish society through campaigns for Chilean solidarity. www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/mental-health(Science Museum: Mental Health. West Riding Pauper Lunatic Asylum Through Time: Amberley Publishing, 2013, Davis, Mark. Boarded up and beginning to look a bit shabby and neglected, Glasgow's appalling record of allowing buildings to become dangerously abandoned and decayed until a mysterious fire requires their demolition must make the future of this building very uncertain. Also be aware that the crown took custody of lands belonging to those classified as lunatics. Since 1951 the Refugee Convention has given people the right to seek asylum in Britain, and many of those people have ended up in Scotland. And refugee history is not something that only belongs to the past. Remember that dates were not always recorded accurately in historical records. www.countyasylums.com(County Asylums: Rediscovering the Asylums and Mental Hospitals of England and Wales, including photos and information on individual asylums) Many smaller institutions also existed, some of which had only a few private patients. I think about my own family, people who came here years ago from Ireland, or England, whose experiences are a mystery to me. The Library has lots of information about the lives of medical and healthcare personnel and patients that family historians and biographers may find useful) The birthplace is only occasionally recorded in this record set, so if you dont find the result you are looking for try leaving these boxes blank. I would come out and see him, if I could.. https://bedsarchives.bedford.gov.uk/Newsletters/150yearsofFairfieldHospital.aspx(Bedfordshire Archives and Records Service: 150 years of Fairfield Hospital [Three Counties Asylum]) The 'dark side' of Scots emigration hidden in asylum records. How did Scottish Tory MPs vote on the Illegal Migration Bill? For patients admitted after 1 January 1858, there are detailed admission forms under MC2. Upublished PhD thesis, University of Stirling. The letter, written during the First World War, said: It is very heart breaking, his constant desire to get home - where there is no home. Visit 'Set cookie preferences' to control specific cookies. See our The campaign, which used the slogan Dont play ball with fascists, was ultimately unsuccessful, leading to the game being dubbed the match of shame.. Find out how to access historic Scottish asylum records with our video tutorial. Fife, Scotland, Criminal Registers, 1910-1931, Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland, Poorhouse Records, 1888-1912, Fife, Scotland, Electoral Registers, 1914-1966, Provided in association with ON at Fife Archives. Enter a parish name in the first box; a county name in the second box; and a country name in the third box. The register covers patients admitted to an asylum in Scotland. Many records of asylums, prisons and houses of correction are kept in local archives and especially those of the patients and inmates. They reveal knowledge of mental illness was lacking, but the. The housing was usually located in communities with high levels of unemployment and deprivation. In this film however, Harish is able to discuss his experiences of going to school in Scotland, his fathers struggles to get a job, and attitudes to religion in this country in the 1970s. SC407011 and is a registered Scottish charity No. . MPs voted by 289 votes to 230, a majority of 59, to give their assent to Home Secretary Suella Braverman's bill. We use cookies to collect anonymous data to help us improve your site browsing We usually try to complete all orders . We use cookies to collect anonymous data to help us improve your site browsing www.sochealth.co.uk/national-health-service/hospitals/englands-first-state-imbecile-asylums(Socialist Health Association: Chapter 4 of Englands First State Hospitals, by Gwendoline M Ayers 1971, published by the Wellcome Institute of the History of Medicine), https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C10855 (The National Archives: Search and download digital copies of selected 19th Century Poor Law Union and Workhouse records from series MH 12 which deals with correspondence with Poor Law Unions and other Local Authorities) At present these are the only volumes in the series that are open, and cover the years 1858 to 1921. I find that very exciting.. However, a study of the conditions suffered by Scots patients show recurring triggers linked to migration. Bethlem Hospital 1247-1997: A Pictorial Record: Phillimore, 1997, Andrews, Jonathan. JANE MANN Jane was the 1st cousin of my 2 times great grandmother. Learn how to research the lives of your ancestors who were in an asylum or mental health hospital in Scotland. If you dont find the result you are looking for try leaving this box blank or see our help section. Google Scholar. This can be a useful tool to speed up the display of search results. Using new technology, scientists were able to pinpoint a participant's. During the nineteenth century, treatment for mental health vastly improved. experience. Images of past Scotland can present an inaccurate image of the country as exclusively white, but there have been peopleborn far from here, who came tolivein Scotland, and the UK, much farther back thanmost of us imagine. Scottish Indexes Tutorial #003 Scottish Asylum Records | Learn how to research the lives of your #ancestors who were in an asylum or mental health hospital in #Scotland. "to son"), Comments - sometimes about type of admission, whether a criminal, subsequent re-admission. https://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/1192667(Lunacy Act 1845) Lunatic asylums of various stripes nonetheless did appear across Scotland, if unevenly, solidifying into an overall national system, at least in the sense of being overseen from the late-1850s by a dedicated Scottish Lunacy Commission ( Andrews, 1998a ), tasked with inspecting, reviewing and, where possible influencing, the conditions of the Voices from the Asylum: West Riding Pauper Lunatic Asylum: Amberley Publishing, 2013, Davis, Mark. While searching for a specific institution, remember that many asylums and facilities changed their names repeatedly during their years of operation. Explore the fascinating and very detailed records held at the archives covering the Gloucesters three former asylums, the First County Asylum in Horton Road, Barnwood House Asylum and the Second County Asylum at Coney Hill) Included within this database are admission and discharge registers, burial records, and indexes to case notes) www.londonlives.org/static/IllHealth.jsp(Researching Illness) James Murray's Royal Asylum (Perth) Perth District Asylum (Murthly) Perth General Prison Perth Poorhouse Renfrewshire Abbey Poorhouse Asylum, Paisley Govan District Asylum (Hawkhead) Greenock Poorhouse Hillend House, Greenock Paisley Burgh Parish Poorhouse Renfrew District Asylum (Dykebar) This collection includes a huge variety of different records created as a result of the Poor Laws in London, including Registers of lunatics) In 2017, the National Records of Scotland (NRS) estimated that 7% of the resident population of Scotland was born outside the UK (378,000) (NRS, 2017). Lookup searches - Access records in Scottish archives for ancestors in this parish (e.g. If your family fell on hard times in Kirkcaldy, Fife, you might find out how they fared in these Poorhouse records. During lockdown, Syrians across the Highlands worked with Document Scotland to create a record of scenes from daily life as part of the Highlighting the Highlands project. If your family fell on hard times in Kirkcaldy, Fife, you might find out how they fared in these Poorhouse records. This collection contains workhouse registers for Glamorgan, Wales and includes registers of births and deaths, maternity registers, registers of lunatics, registers of children who were hired out as servants and creed registers) https://wellcomelibrary.org/collections/subject-guides/biography-and-family-history(Wellcome Library. https://museumofthemind.org.uk/collections/archives(Bethlem Museum of the Mind Online Archives: Digital images of records include: Bethlem Hospitals patient admission registers from 1683 to 1902; Photographs of several dozen mid-Victorian patients at Bethlem Hospital; The minutes of the Court of Governors of Bridewell and Bethlem Hospital from 1559 to 1800) The records for Inverness District Asylum have been provided by Stuart Farrell. Cunninghame Combination Poorhouse, Irvine, Spring Bank Retreat, Garscube Road, Glasgow. Prof Harper referred to a letter found in the hospital archives from the sister of C from Leith, who was admitted to the asylum in 1902 and died there 16 years later. An asylum seeker is a person who has asked a government to recognise their refugee status and is waiting to hear the outcome of their application. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. A source close to the Foreign Secretary said: "The promotion worldwide of Scotland, its history and its magnificent tourist pull, huge investment opportunities and unique cultural heritage are a . The National Records of Scotland has the originals, catalogued under MC7. One record referred to a man called Charles, from Forres, who was first admitted to an asylum in Inverness in 1903 suffering from acute mania and melancholia and then transferred to Aberdeen and Elgin in 1907. First click on Advanced search and then type in the name being searched. Records relating to 1,200 patients at the hospital in British Columbia between 1872 and 1912 were studied by Prof Harper along with 340 individual sets of case notes with the academic having to seek permission from the British Columbia provincial courts to access the papers. The records for Inverness District Asylum have been provided by Stuart Farrell) However, most patient files have been destroyed. From the Berber Roman governor who supervised the building of the Antonine Wall, to Lithuanians who mined Lanarkshire coal, to the Belgian WW1 refugees who worked as clippies on Glasgow trams, refugees and migrants have been part of the fabric of Scottish society since before Scotland even existed. Prof Harper said: The whole process of leaving your friends and getting to your destination might be a trigger in itself. All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except for graphic assets and where otherwise stated. County Record Office (County asylum records including casebooks. Like the Polish refugees of the postwar period before them, Ugandan Asians were initially housed in camps, before being resettled around the country. The register covers patients admitted to an asylum in Scotland. You appear to be using an unsupported browser, and it may not be able to display this site properly. If you find your advanced search is taking a long time to return results Scotland, Mental Health Institutions Registers & Admissions, Scotland Prison Registers Index 1828-1884. Enter the forename(s) in the first box, and the surname in the second box. Available from 1 a name a year. Too often the movement of people who have come to this country as refugees or asylum seekers is presented as exceptional, unprecedented, threatening and new. We aim to include as many of these as possible as we expand these pages. Derelict eastern building of the old Glasgow Royal Lunatic Asylum, Gartnavel Royal Hospital Professor Marjory Harper, professor of history at Aberdeen University, has studied links between migration and mental health and the reasons why Scots were admitted to asylums after leaving home for a better life. Answer the big question in your family history by understanding the mental health of your ancestors. Stinkweeds opened in May of 1987 and is owned by Kimber Lanning . www.findmypast.co.uk (Wiltshire Asylum Registers, 1789-1921. Around about this same time, following themilitarycoup in 1973 in Chilewhich installed the dictatorship of General Pinochet,large numbers of Chilean left-wing activists were forced to leave the country. The records were compiled by Emma and Graham Maxwell from records retained by the National Records of Scotland. A History of the Brighton Workhouses: James Gardner, 2012, Lappin, James. New Scots approach to supporting refugees and asylum seekers. Madmen: A Social History of Madhouses, Mad-Doctors & Lunatics: Tempus, 2006, Rorie, James. The Poor Law of Lunacy: The Administration of Pauper Lunatics in Mid-nineteenth Century England: Leicester University Press, 1999, Berguer, David. One dead and seven injured in Cornwall nightclub knife attack, Nurses strike continues: Major disruption for NHS services in England, Additional flight to evacuate Britons from Sudan today, MasterChef Australia judge Jock Zonfrillo found dead aged 46, Ryanair cancels 220 flights over May 1 bank holiday due to strikes, Hardcore coronation fans already camped outside Buckingham Palace. The histories of refugees, asylum seekers, immigrants of all kinds, are a rich thread running through the history of Scotland and it is important that these histories are documented, celebrated, and learnt from, in all their complexities. Cornwall Family History Society(St Lawrences Asylum, The Cornwall County Hospital for the Mentally Ill, by Sally Pocock). https://psychology.jrank.org/pages/767/asylums-historical-survey.html(Asylums: a historical survey) Photographs are by Gareth Harper Photoecosse.net, The UK governments Illegal Migration Bill has been voted through the House of Commons. History of Dundee Royal Lunatic Asylum: Hanlins Press, 2012, Rutherford, Sarah. www.ancestry.co.uk (Glamorgan, Wales, Workhouse Registers, 1850-1920. Search a variety of different record types including admissions, deaths, discharges and sick rolls including admissions to the lunatic section of the poorhouse), Devon Family History Society (Rich man, poor man beggar-man, thief, A collection of over 63,000 entries from records held at Devon Record Office) Roslin EH25 9QE . FFHS, 2002, Gardner, James. Allderidge, Patricia. Your cookie preferences have been saved. Your feedback helps us to improve this website. The store is clean, comfortable and well organized and decorated. Homesickness, alien environments, failed aspirations and even the impact of a long journey across the water have all figured in hospital records examined by Prof Harper. Then under Search within select Enter a reference and type MH. Did you know with a Digital Subscription to The Scotsman, you can get unlimited access to the website including our premium content, as well as benefiting from fewer ads, loyalty rewards and much more. All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except for graphic assets and where otherwise stated, Funding work with refugees and asylum seekers, working with partners to ensure smooth arrival and integration, funding to a range of organisations working with refugees and asylum seekers, 1951 UN convention relating to the status of refugees, taking a fair and proportionate share of the total number of Syrian refugees coming to the UK by participating in the, providing education linked to someone's ordinary residence - when a person moves into an area the education authority become responsible for that pupil's education. Less is often more! Bedlam: London and Its Mad: Pocket Books, 2009, Bartlett, Peter. Refugees have full access to medical treatment, education, benefits, housing and employment. For the moment, the pages contain details of all licensed institutions operating when the 1857 report of the Royal Lunacy Commission was being prepared. It is relatively easy to find information regarding the large public asylums. They are held in the National Records of Scotland under reference MC7. Specialties: WE BUY VINYL! Name indexes to some TNA series are available at the TNADiscovery. She will also discuss her new book, Testimonies of Transitions, Voices from the Scottish Diaspora, which is due to be published in the New Year. If needed, you can narrow your results by including additional search criteria such as a year or additional keyword. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, This website and its associated newspaper are members of Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO). Scotland also has a long history of welcoming refugees and asylum seekers, who may be fleeing war and human rights violations (Scottish Government, 2019a). My Ancestor Was A Lunatic: Society of Genealogists, 2015, Cherry, Steven. help section. The distinctions are somewhat vague and overlapping but those suffering from dementia were mostly described as imbeciles. School records - Index to School Leaving Certificate Examination results High Life Highland is a company limited by guarantee registered in Scotland No. (Courtesy National Records of Scotland), Notice of Admission for Fanny Banks Nicklin or Stevenson (NRS Ref MC2/401), If you wish us to research and retrieve a Notice of Admission, you can order. One woman from Edinburgh who was admitted to the hospital in 1890 had fallen ill, according to her records, because of indisposition and the long trip from Scotland to BC. This collection includes records of individuals charged with crimes in Fife, Scotland between the years 1910-1931. Learn how to research the lives of your ancestors who were in an asylum or mental health hospital in Scotland. Your cookie preferences have been saved. The first specialist asylum was calledBethlem Hospital(also known as Bedlam) which began operations in the 13th century. | By Scottish Indexes Log In A Paupers History of England: 1,000 Years of Peasants, Beggars and Guttersnipes: Pen & Sword Books, 2015, Thomas, Kim. 4. Discover what Scottish mental health records are available to help you trace your family tree.Find out more on our website: https://www.scottishindexes.com/l. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Find out more:. This collection includes a huge variety of different records created as a result of the Poor Laws in London including Registers of lunatics. Life in the Victorian Asylum: The World of Nineteenth Century Mental Health Care: Pen & Sword Books, 2020, Stubley, Peter. SAFHS We have also added a further list for additional asylums/hospitals that we do not believe come under the 'County Asylum' list but are noteworthy inclusions to the website. "I have been collecting vinyl records in the valley for over 15 years now, and I think the pricing and selection at Asylum is quite good. In 1931, it was renamed the Glasgow Royal Mental Hospital, and in 1963, it adopted its present name. Name - this may include alternative names, so married and maiden surnames for married women, aliases, Private/Pauper - whether the patient's stay in the asylum is being paid for privately or by a parochial board, Asylum - the name of the asylum to which the patient is admitted, Type of discharge (Recovered, Relieved, Not improved, Incurable), To whom discharged - not always included, sometimes can be just a place, or a relationship (e.g. The Friern Hospital Story: The History of a Victorian Lunatic Asylum: Chaville Press, 2012, Bevan, Amanda. Just like anyone wanting to establish the birthplace of their ancestor, when I was investigating pauper patients who were removed from the Glasgow Royal Asylum . The original prison registers usually give a town . However the cost of maintaining GenGuide means I need your help as well, especially with the site hosting costs. Scottish Indexes has indexed both record sets. The commission visited each licensed institution in Scotland, and the appendices of the report contain accounts of each of their visits, the text of which is to be found in these pages. While success stories of Scots emigrants who flourished in politics and industry in their new homelands are routinely retold, the stories unearthed by Prof Harper portray a far bleaker picture of the realities of emigration faced by a handful of ordinary Scots. Access digitised mental healthcare archives including records from Ticehurst House Hospital, East Sussex; The Retreat, York; Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow; St Lukes Hospital, City of London)
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