198, f.: Vietnam 8/21-8/30/63.. Robert McNamara proposes increases in US troops (July 1965) The ouster of Diem in a militarycoup that would have major implications for American policy and growing involvement in the country happened 57 years ago today. o chnh m st TT Ng nh Dim (Aladin Nguyen), Phng Ed. He also wanted to see something on Lodge actually talking with Diem. This website is created and maintained by Alpha History. Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. met with President John F. Kennedy alone in the Oval Office for his farewell meeting prior to leaving for Vietnam. 198, f.: Vietnam, 7/21-7/31/63.. McCone shot back that the best line was no line. McCone said he discouraged Kennedy from supporting a coup unless a suitable replacement for Diem was identified. the source. 24, f.: Meetings on Vietnam, August-November 1963.. your free people. In reviewing the different ways to achieve a change in government, assassination, Minh said, was the easiest plan to accomplish although he disavowed any political ambitions himself. The Archive is indebted to Dr. Roland Popp, researcher at the Swiss Military Academy ETH Zurich, for Documents 9 and 11. Your recent requests for aid to assist in the formidable project of the movement of several hundred thousand loyal Vietnamese citizens away from areas which are passing under a de facto rule and political ideology which they abhor, are being fulfilled. Suite 701, Gelman Library Unlike Nolting, who saw no possible candidates, the State Departments Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) produced an extensive list (Document 16). The implications of the agreement concerning Viet-Nam have caused grave concern regarding the future of a country temporarily divided by an artificial military grouping, weakened by a long and exhausting war and faced with enemies without and by their subversive collaborators within. Eisenhower asked Kennedy: "Suppose they try to . 204, f.: Vietnam: Subjects: Top Secret Cables (Tab C) 10/3-10/27/63.. [9] Document number deleted, October 28, 1963, FRUS, v. IV, p. 449. people, so enlightened in purpose and effective in performance, that it will be respected ND c c lm Th Tng (HNT & TTN), TT While it was too soon to know the outcome, it appeared that Big Minh had gained the backing of all major combat units. Kennedy pledges support for Diem, South Vietnam (December 1961) US news report on the Paris peace agreement (January 1973) TT military means. Harkins, a long-time friend of Lodges from their upbringing in Massachusetts and shared time in the U.S. Army, expressed regret for his remarks and said he would inform Don that his comments did not reflect official U.S. Government policy. Content created by Alpha History may not be copied, republished or redistributed without our express permission. His methods and policies, particularly his persecution of South Vietnam's Buddhist population, were divisive and controversial. Compare this with Document 10 here, and Items 9 (audio), 10 and 11 of E-book 302. Hoa Tng Nh (Trng Ph Th) European and World history. The contact, and the meeting which followed, tipped the Americans to Nhus maneuvers to create channels to Hanoi, reminded them that coup plans still existed, and informed CIA that the generals were awaiting Diems response to their demands for cabinet-level positions in the South Vietnamese government (Document 13).[4]. Cable 243 discusses the removal of Ngo Dinh Diem (August 1963) and to remember the thousands of Seymour Hersh breaks the story of the My Lai killings (1969) Nhng The War Powers Act curtails the presidents authority to wage war (November 1973) They agreed that the coup plotters would deal only with Conein in the future. ND c c lm Th Tng (HNT & TTN) the specific electronic form of the document is copyright. contribution to the welfare and stability of the Government of Viet-Nam. Medieval Sourcebook, and other medieval components of the project, are located at will be met by performance on the part of the Government of Viet-Nam in Bin Tnh Sng - (Hoi cm ca Trn khc Knh). The purpose of this offer is to assist the Government of Viet-Nam in developing and JFK Papers: NSF: Country File, b. that the United States is able to assist in this humanitarian effort. Bi Assassination Records Review Board release, document 177-10001-10466. Hanoi Jane Fondas broadcast from North Vietnam (August 1972) Eisenhower's Letter of Support to Ngo Dinh Diem, October 23, 1954 Dear Mr. President: I have been following with great interest the course of developments in Viet-Nam, particularly since the conclusion of the conference at Geneva. Despite promising to establish a free, Western-style democratic republic, Diem's leadership was far from democratic. The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and Ngo Dinh Diem head of the South Vietnamese government Khrushchev Russian premier backed The Central Intelligence Agency ______ the Bay of Pigs invasion of Castro's Cuba. Bromley Smith again took notes of another meeting held that afternoon. LBJ Library: Bromley K. Smith Papers, b. Diem's anti-communism attracted the Americans. Ngha Kennedy and Lodge discussed the kinds of challenges Lodge was likely to face upon arrival, and how he proposed to deal with the Diem government. Dear Mr. President: I have been following with great interest the course of developments in Viet-Nam, particularly since the conclusion of the conference at Geneva. Please visit and sign our Noam Chomsky on the meaning of Vietnam (1975), Richard Nixon unveils a policy of Vietnamisation (November 1969) Primary Source. US news report on the imminent fall of Saigon (April 1975) Thomas L. Hughes Papers, Courtesy of Thomas Hughes. Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem, President of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam, October 23, 1954 DEAR MR. with great interest the course of developments in Viet-Nam, particularly since the conclusion of the conference at Geneva. With the exception of primary sources, all content on this website is Alpha History 2018. If you experience a barrier that affects your ability to access content on this page, let us know via ourContact form. CIA electronic reading room; declassified July 24, 2015. C. protect Western oil interests. Cross examination of Captain Ernest Medina (1970), Muhammad Ali explains his refusal to fight in Vietnam (March 1967) needed reforms. Ambassador to Saigon Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. to proceed in a fashion that made clear to Diem that he needed to end nepotism and curtail the activities of his brother, Ngo Dinh Nhu, and other family members, whose efforts were impeding the counterinsurgency war then in progress. A US general reflects on US, North Vietnamese tactics (1984) Eisenhower made it clear to Diem that U.S. aid to his government during. developments in Viet-Nam, particularly since the conclusion of the conference at Geneva. We have been exploring ways and means Vietnamese figure Ngo Dinh Nhu, brother of leader Diem, remained the prime target of American maneuvers. state, capable of resisting attempted subversion or aggression through A CIA report on Viet Cong weaknesses and vulnerabilities (July 1965) View Full Article in Timesmachine , See the article in its original context from. McCone said he felt that Kennedy agreed. In this letter, President Eisenhower offered South Vietnamese President Diem financial support and encouraged him to make "needed reforms" to broaden his government and make it more representative. Military opponents coalesced around General Maxwell D. Taylor, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and included General Krulak; while another center of opposition included CIA Director John McCone and his responsible division chief, William E. Colby. CIA Director Colby described a Saigon situation that pictured the pro-regime forces as stronger than the plotters. JFK Library: John Newman Papers: Notebook, August 24-31, 1963.. v cc ng bo nn nhn General Tran Van Don, one of the coup plotters and a point of contact for CIA operative Lucien Conein (generalhieu.com). domain and copy-permitted texts for introductory level classes in modern Newly arrived U.S. Lyndon Johnson on the political aims of the Vietnam War (June 1966) to maintain in the event such aid were supplied. Ngo Dinh Nhu, brother of President Diem, and Madame Nhu. 204, f.: Vietnam Subjects: Top Secret Cables (Tab C) 10/3-10/27/63.. disassembling Kennedy's firm but cautious action in the Cuban missile crisis resulted in the _________ of Russian missiles. The implications of the The assistant chief, left to comment on General Minhs options, advised Washington not to dismiss the assassination too quickly, as the other possibilities basically meant civil war. Among the findings from the present posting or from our several Diem E-books taken together are the following: Vietnam perplexed American leaders from Franklin D. Roosevelt on. He also spoke of how in a previous coup (1960), time had played in favor of Diem, not against him. I am, accordingly, instructing the American Ambassador to Viet-Nam to examine We have been exploring ways and means to permit our aid to Viet-Nam to be more effective and to make a greater contribution to the welfare and stability of the Government of Viet-Nam. WASHINGTON, May 11-- Following is the text of a joint statement issued today by President Eisenhower and President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam at the conclusion of their talks: View Full . National Defense University: Maxwell D. Taylor Papers, Vietnam series, Chapter XXIII, T-172-69. mi nm ngm ngi (Trng Phu' Th) According to recollections by DCI John McCone, made in the course of interviews conducted by the Church Committee in 1975, he met with President John F. Kennedy and Attorney General Robert Kennedy on or around October 5 after Conein reported that Big Minh discussed a possible assassination plan. Chun Tng L Modern History Sourcebook. All Rights Reserved. a leaflet calling for the people to rise up against the oppressor Diem; A letter to the Vietnamese Army telling them that Diem is just carrying on French colonialism; a 41-page document alleging Diem crimes against the people; and a leaflet that said "For the past eight years our land . October 23, 1954. But within hours he would be deposed and 24 hours later summarily executed by the military. Diem said that the Buddhist uprising had been resolved. After his country's . For more information, please visit our FAQ or Terms of Use. hour of trial, provided that your Government is prepared to give assurances as to the On this day in 1957, Ngo Dinh Diem, president of South Vietnam, addressed a joint meeting of Congress during a two-week visit to the United States. Author Luke A. Nichter found the document in the Vietnamese archives. 735-736. Letter from President Under Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy, the USA had given millions of dollars to prop up the French in Vietnam, and had sent military advisers to support Ngo Dinh Diem's corrupt, anti-communist . Although the IHSP seeks to follow all applicable copyright law, Fordham University is not a de facto rule and political ideology which they abhor, are being fulfilled. since the conclusion of the conference at Geneva. The IHSP is a project independent of Fordham University. granted for electronic copying, distribution in print form for educational nhng n anh ln (Nguyn Tng Phong), Nhng New York: The New Press, 2017 The quote has been used in virtually every account of the Diem coup written since that time. glad that the United States is able to assist in this humanitarian effort. Ngo Dinh Diem explains why he rejects national elections (July 1955) The White Houses response to the Geneva declaration (July 1954) (BS Tn Tht Thin), Ngha A Christian Vietnamese named Ngo Dinh Diem had been in the United States between 1950 and 1954, and there he had met Cardinal Francis Spellman and Senator John F. Kennedy. The Government of the United States expects that this aid will be met by performance on the part of the Government of Viet-Nam in undertaking needed reforms. v. t. e. Ng nh Dim, the President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States, the main ally of his government, in 1957. Nixon announces deployment of US troops in Cambodia (April 1970) The purpose of this offer is to assist The Presidents Intelligence Checklist for the morning of November 1 began with an update that a coup had begun in Saigon. He regarded Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, and his brother, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy as other opponents. At the State Department, W. Averell Harriman and George Ball agreed that Lodge ought to delay his arrival in Saigon until the situation had calmed somewhat (Document 4). He represented the Pagoda Raids as some sort of victory for Diem, absolved Nhu of responsibility for them, pictured Diem as a man of integrity who had tried to carry out all the promises he had made to the United States, and framed Vietnamese Buddhism as manipulated by Cambodia. SOURCE: JFKL: JFKP: National Security File . I am The implications of the agreement concerning Viet-Nam have caused grave concern regarding the future the institutional owner, and is not liable as the result of any legal action. Diem and Nhu seemed to desire to present Lodge with a fait accompli regarding the Buddhists upon his arrival in Saigon. August deliberations had the effect of enabling top U.S. officials to rehearse all the arguments for and against a coup, but they left Washington with its policy problemthe intractability of Saigon leaders closed off the potential for progress in Vietnam. Vn Officials in Saigon, especially Conein, who acted as intermediary with the coup plotters, were instructed to listen to their plans but to avoid having any input or recommending any specific option especially regarding assassination. Some of these materials first appeared in earlier National Security Archive E-books and are added here to provide the larger context of events. The Sourcebook is a collection of public President Kennedy meets with newly-appointed Ambassador to South VietnamHenry Cabot Lodge. Quotations about the massacre at My Lai hamlet (1968) READ MORE: How the Vietnam War Ratcheted Up Under 5 U.S. Presidents. Kennedy said his two top officials in Saigon should build up the coup forces, since at present it did not look as though they could successfully topple Diem. One of themthe easiest, Minh saidwas to assassinate two of Diems brothers while keeping Diem himself as a figurehead. Lodge told Diem that he knew little about Vietnam but hoped to advise him on American affairs. hc t mt s tun tit (TS Lm L Trinh), Cu The purpose of this offer is to assist the Government of Viet-Nam in developing and maintaining a strong, viable state, capable of resisting attempted subversion or aggression through military means. President Eisenhower then reminded Diem that his territory is protected by SEATO. The E-book contained a selection of documents that showed how Washington considered South Vietnamese who might be alternative candidates for leadership, and jumped ahead to the final days before the coup. I am glad that the United States is able to assist in this humanitarian effort. Please bookmark This primary source comes from the Collection DDE-EPRES: Eisenhower, Dwight D.: Papers as President of the United States. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. After Conein had provided assurance to Big Minh that the U.S. would not thwart a coup, General Tran Van Don asked Conein why General Paul Harkins, Commander, U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV), said the day before that it was the wrong time for a coup and that the planners should desist in their efforts. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1991, p. 212 (hereafter cited as FRUS with page number). So did South Vietnamese. [1] Thomas L. Hughes, telephone interview, September 12, 2020. Vn Ph That encounter actually took place at that very time (Document 8). President Eisenhower complimented President Ngo Dinh Diem on the remarkable achievements of the Republic of Viet-Nam under the leadership of President Ngo Dinh Diem since he took office in July 1954. Vn Hng, History of Strategic Robert McNamara reflects on Americas failures in Vietnam (1995) A Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operative was approached during the time of U.S. 4th of July festivities by South Vietnamese military officers who wanted U.S. support for a coup detat that might overthrow Diem (2003 E-book, document 1). Nhng The cycle of meetings opened on Monday, August 26, after the Hilsman cable had been sent and when the object was whether to confirm the instruction it had contained. Minh identified the principal plotters, assured the CIA man a coup would take place in the near future, and outlined several possible coup options. effective and to make a greater contribution to the welfare and stability of the
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