social issues in south asia

The analysis presented will contribute to defining Americas Role in Asia. Although Among all immigrants, those from South Asia (71%) were the most likely to have a bachelors degree or more. 63 30 Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan have three of the worlds four largest Muslim populations. -- Volume 36, Number 3, November 2021, Editorial Board The three big issues facing East Asia | World Economic Forum There have been sustained and credible allegations of human rights violations by Indian security forces and various insurgent groups, major disruptions to civilian life, and mainstream political systems in these areas requiring heavy force deployments to be sustainable. This in turn affects social cohesion and gender equality in the region. 0 And these challenges will likely become more severe as the regions population continues to balloon. So while state governments can set their official languages and control their finances, the central government is in charge of communications, defense, diplomacy, and monetary policy. In 2018, there were less than 100 reported conflict-related fatalities, compared to approximately 1,100 in 2008. A participant at the 2018 World Nomad Games at Kyrchyn Gorge, Kyrgyzstan. In this context, the paper analyses the contestations of social movements in the South Asia from a view point of contentious politics in the region. A chart showing the percentage of Kyrgyzstan's GDP that remittances make up. With the end of Cold War, social movement discourse of south Asia has been featured with identity-based movements, and it became more apparent after the emergence of non-state activism in the region. For example, the TTP is alleged to be regrouping in Afghanistan, Pakistan claims that India is supporting Baloch rebels, the Taliban operates out of Pakistan, India focuses on Pakistans long history of support for terrorist and militant groups, and Indian media signals concern about Chinese backing for insurgents in the Northeast. 0000001544 00000 n Two prominent causes of family conflict arise when South Asian adolescents and young adults wish to start dating or pursue a career that is discerned to be unacceptable by the parents. Familiar landmarks created by the cold war have not Indira Gandhi, the daughter of Indias first prime minister, served as prime minister for almost sixteen nonconsecutive years and was a powerful force in Indian politics for decades. Despite the history of female leadership in the region, many women in South Asia face significant challenges throughout their entire lives. In 2019, a group of South Asian Americans petitioned the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to cancel a planned award for Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Some may still follow through with their desires in secrecy, but live in a constant fear of being found out. The Indian state is absorbing far less damage than in the 1990s or early 2000s, though it retains a costly internal security footprint in the region. -- Volume 30, Number 3, November 2015, Editorial Board In the first decade of the twenty-first century, anti-state rebellions were an endemic feature of South Asias political landscape. Now and Always,The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Now and Always, The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Built on the Johns Hopkins University Campus. In Bangladesh, regime repression of dissent and of opposition movements have been commonplace. 2017-2023 Council on Foreign Relations. As the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia have drifted from Russia, they have looked to their own past to forge, or reassert, post-Soviet national identities. India, for example, is more populous than all of North America and Europe combined. MHA expenditures rose an average of 15 percent annually from 20112012 to 20202021, with expenditures for police specifically rising 12 percent annually on average. South Asia is an immensely diverse and densely populated region. It is the most comprehensive book on the market about the geography of Asia. A silent mental health crisis exists among South Asian communities. None of this implies that the military has monopolized violence. In Bangladesh, the highly personalized Awami League uses the security forces as a tool of regime survival. It emerges amid growing water crises in many regions, which have come to constitute a global crisis. Its home to -- Volume 25, Number 2, October 2010, Editorial Board The implications of the return of the Rajapaksas in 2019 (Gotabaya as president and his brother Mahinda as prime minister) remain to be seen. Like most international sporting events, the World Nomad Games also serve as a political forum. High-quality, standards-aligned classroom resources, lesson plans, teaching inspiration, and professional development opportunitiesall inspired by our mission that Global Civics is essential for twenty-first century citizenship. Figure 1 below shows fatality data from the nongovernmental South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), and Figure 2 shows official Indian government data from the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).2. -- Volume 34, Number 2, July 2019, Editorial Board Finally, an insurgency grinds on in Balochistan, where a welter of Baloch rebels fights in an area of growing strategic and resource importance, including a Chinese presence linked to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). WebSouth Asia is one of the most vulnerable regions globally to a number of direct and indirect effects of climate change, including sea level rise, cyclonic activity, and changes in ambient temperature and precipitation patterns. Pakistans Benazir Bhutto became the first woman to lead a Muslim-majority democratic country, serving as prime minister from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996. 1 On the edges of South Asia, Myanmar sees a broadly similar patternthough important insurgencies continue, a patchwork project of ceasefires combined with ongoing state repression has forged a degree of ugly stability in areas of enduring conflict. Rapid urbanization has also led to high levels of air pollutionthe region is home to eighteen of the worlds twenty most polluted cities. The Assam Rifles (AR), a specialized force in the Northeast, has grown much more modestly but still expanded. -- Volume 32, Number 2, July 2017, Editorial Board These trajectories matter because political exclusion and partial democracies marked by factionalism can contribute to revolt, especially when combined with a potentially more volatile international environment. Its home to 1.3 billion people and has twenty-two official regional languages. intergenerational conflict or the stress of adapting into western society, fulfilling career leads to better life satisfaction, Click here to listen to Dont Call Me Resilient, Lecturer in Environmental Art - School of Art and Design. At the same time, violence in Karachi, insurgency in Balochistan, and sectarian militia activities added further layers of violence to Pakistans political landscape. HMk1+tLDiB;;lbCKrVb5;zL3W=~,PA+h~={|7bem]}274(gHR/f5>0DT|[iJ)%EkllWF4o6#2mKTk5Wu#kN8I*bP"P3/@G (cP -- Volume 22, Number 1, April 2007, Editorial Board It is seen that modernization, democratization, political ideologies and emergence of mass societies threatened the personal and collective identities and the advancement in information systems have sustained peoples struggles against the dominant world view of the State and elites. Nature-Society relations provide the foundation for social, economic, political, and environmental problems. The group has since splintered, with cadres retreating into Afghanistan, abandoning the fight, or lying low. -- Volume 38, Number 1, March 2023, Editorial Board It has been reported in American media that the group has certain stigmas in relation to the LGBT communities. The main reason is the general scarcity of two critical resources essential to the development and implementation of such policies: capital and technology. Traditional psychotherapy has been founded on normalized versions of western, middle-class families. WebISSUES IN SOUTH ASIA engagement between the two, barring perhaps a few minor border skirmishes in selected areas. (For context, Iowa has just over three million people.) -- Volume 33, Number 1, March 2018, Editorial Board A silent mental health crisis exists among South Asian communities. The Communist Party of NepalMaoist (CPN-M) launched a revolutionary insurgency in 1996, seeking to overthrow the government and create a communist state in Nepal. Crucially, however, this resurgence of state coercive power remains contested: while a new era of powerful states untroubled by internal competitors may have begun, there are reasons to be cautious. It is in Kashmir where the Modi government has most dramatically shifted policy by revoking the autonomy of and bifurcating the state of Jammu and Kashmir, accompanied by a massive crackdown on movement, communication, and political activity. In Sri Lanka, the Tamil Tigers reached their peak of power between 2002 and 2005. In less than a decade, for example, India is projected to overtake China as the worlds most populous country. Secondly, policymakers can de-risk migration through several means including more flexible visa policies, mechanisms to support migrant workers during shocks, and social protection programs. -- Volume 28, Number 1, March 2013, Editorial Board Another Muslim-majority country, Bangladesh, has had two womenSheikh Hasina, daughter of the countrys first president, and her political opponent Khaleda Zia, wife of another presidentalternate in the prime ministership for most of the last three decades. Finally, Nepal has meaningfully improved its democratic practice since the end of its civil war. To learn more about cookies, click here. Happily, however, the Sino-Indian relations are on an Top Left: Sri Lankan Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike (1960), Top Right: Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto (1988), Bottom Left: Nepalese President Bidhya Devi Bhandari (2016), Bottom Right: Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi (1971), Source: (Clockwise starting from top left) Keystone/Getty Images, Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images, AFP/GettyImages, Eric Piper/Getty Images. Tamil militancy had been a fact of life in Sri Lanka since the 1970s, with the LTTE coming to dominate the insurgency. Chinese support for insurgents in the Northeast, meanwhile, dropped off dramatically in the 1970s and 1980s. Sign up to receive emails from Carnegies South Asia Program! The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam insurgency in Sri Lanka has also decisively ended, though in far bloodier fashion. You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. By using this website, you agree to our cookie policy. The peak of this conflicts violence, in 2010, was reached much later than in J&K and the Northeast but has since seen a drop to a consistent but lower level in recent years. Like European countries, Indias states are drawn along ethnic and linguistic lines and have distinct cultures. HTMk1tFO(cIJc% Nevertheless, the landscape of political violence in much of the region is strikingly different in 2020 than in years like 2004 or 2010. Finally, instability in and political exclusion from regimes can foster rebellions, even after long periods of apparent stability. State police forces have been built up in conflict areas, fueled in part by infusions of resources from the central government. The people of lower social standing suffer great job insecurity, experience gender inequality, and generally struggle against class discrimination. In both scenarios, mental health and resiliency is compromised in the long term. There have been sustained and credible allegations of human rights violations by Indian security forces and various insurgent groups, major disruptions to civilian life, 3 These data are drawn from MHA annual reports. And similar to Europe, local identity is strong in Indiaturnout for state assembly elections is often higher than that for national elections. Regions of the World. The fact that much of the Islamist militancy Pakistan has faced in recent years in part arose from the security establishments own past policies has not reduced the militarys heralding of its successes against the TTP. The last two decades have seen both a dramatic decrease in insurgency-related violence and a noticeable growth in state coercive power. -- Volume 30, Number 2, July 2015, Editorial Board Since then, other than the Easter bombings by an Islamist cell in 2019, there have not been major acts of anti-state violence. Figure 4 draws on three datasets on political violence in Pakistan over time.4 While they examine somewhat different definitions of violence, and all of the crucial caveats about data quality outlined above for India hold for Pakistan as well, the basic trend of sharply decreasing fatalities in political violence over the last decade is consistent across them. The legal system grants substantial latitude to internal security forces, which limits checks on state power, and informal practices add to this autonomy. This follows growth of 7.8 percent in 2021, when most countries were rebounding from the The discussion has implications for developing treatment and In India, protests against a brutal gang rape in Delhi in 2012 rocked the country and launched a movement centered on womens rights, resulting in new laws to prosecute perpetrators of sexual violence. -- Volume 23, Number 2, October 2008, Editorial Board Across all South Asian countries, patriarchal values and social norms tend to privilege men and boys access to opportunities and control over resources. These inequalities are manifested across the life cycle from conception, to birth, to childhood, adolescence through to adult life. -- Volume 33, Number S, 2018, Editorial Board University of Windsor provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA. Nowhere is this trend clearer than in language. The third is a sprawling belt in central and eastern India where various Maoist insurgent groups (known as Naxalites) have been operating for decades. 0000002289 00000 n Indias government battled ongoing insurgencies in Kashmir, the Naxalite belt in interior India, and the Northeast. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7c066082ba9642ea Furthermore, there is little systematic data on nonfatal human rights violations, such as torture and sexual violence. Performance & security by Cloudflare. endstream endobj 77 0 obj <>stream -- Volume 26, Number 1, April 2011, Editorial Board This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. xb```lw@ (q.67g!gF..g\Q8gr=e`N:fd,qH'aT!#-WB9N Since 2000, India has faced insurgencies in three geographic areas. Previously, when all five Central Asian countriesKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistanbelonged to the former Soviet Union, Moscow ensured that Russian language and literature were taught in schools and that Russian dominated all forms of media, despite these former Soviet republics each having their own native language. However, in South Asian families individuals can also feel pressure to sacrifice their personal desires for the expectations of their family. Plunged into its worst-ever economic crisis, Sri Lankas real GDP is expected to fall by 9.2 percent this year and a further 4.2 percent in 2023. A weekly update of the most important issues driving the global agenda. Moreover, shifts in civilian power and civil-military coalitions are likely to occur in the future, with unpredictable results. Research has repeatedly demonstrated that a fulfilling career leads to better life satisfaction, and as a result, lower psychological problems. Drawing on its nomadic culture, Kyrgyzstan launched the World Nomad Games in 2014. Pursuing goals that diverge from the expectations of the family and community is perceived to be selfish. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. The World Unpacked is a monthly foreign policy podcast that breaks down the hottest global issues of today with experts, journalists, and policymakers who can explain what is happening, why it matters, and where we go from here.

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