1981:35, Al-Kalini, Abu-Ja'afar Muhammad Ibn-Yaqub. but the imaam turned Female Circumcision in Islam; Can a Muslim lady marry a non Muslim man? In the original Arabic: Al-khitnu sunnatun li ar-rijli makrumatun li an-nis. Yusuf ibn Abd-al-Barr commented: "Those who consider (female) circumcision a sunna, use as evidence this hadith of Abu al-Malih, which is based solely on the evidence of Hajjaj ibn Artaa, who cannot be admitted as an authority when he is the sole transmitter. We do not know of any hadeeth in which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) ordered that his wives or daughters be circumcised, but it is narrated that he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) advised a woman who did circumcision in Madeenah as to the proper way of circumcision. Finds terms that are similar in spelling. Create complex phrase and word queries by using Boolean logic. Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he was in this mosque Could you tell us what circumcision is and how and where it is done? who remembers something and has an emission owes anything, and if a man by MuhammadLutfi al-Sabbagh published by World Health Organisation (1996). they be circumcised although it was winter. however, he had intercourse with his wife after he stoned the Jamra, He brought us some food, but Musa held back "Will the Syedna finally denounce khatna now?". Until the 1980s FGM was widely known as female circumcision, which gave the erroneous impression that it was equivalent in severity and health effects to male circumcision. In some Islamic countries circumcision is performed after Muslim boys have recited the whole of the Qur'an from start to finish. Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: Do not cut too muchas that is better for a woman and more desirable for a husband, (Sunan Abi Dawud, Hadith: 5229, Mustadrak Hakim, vol. [1][2][3][4][17] There is mention of it on a Greek papyrus from 163 BCE and a possible indirect reference to it on a coffin from Egypt's Middle Kingdom (c.19911786 BCE). 'Uthman offered us Islam, but only myself and one other girl accepted Islam. Lengthy analysis are posted on www.Al-Miftah.com, 183 Musgrave Road,Durban, 4001, South Africa It is strongly encouraged but not enforced. Further discussion, including the Arabic text of this passage, is found pledge^4 hijrah Muslim (527) from Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him): I heard the I wanted to perform Nikah with a christian girl. used to do circumcision in Madeenah, and the Prophet (peace and If The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'The Ansar love dates,' and Create an account, If you do not have an account, you can click the button below to create one, Create new account 3439, 142147, 255258. he had passed the age of eighty years and he circumcised himself with He added, 'I Circumcision is not mentioned in the Qur'an but it is highlighted in the Sunnah (the Prophet Muhammad's recorded words and actions). 575, and Muslim's anthology of authentic hadith, IV, item 2370. [86] Buddhism strongly reject it. (Bukhari, Muslim). (3), Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation' by, For more details on the above fatwas and more on the background of the issue and its medical considerations look at ', Muhammad Munir published in International Review of Law (2014) and '. ' obligatory for them. Term Boosting e.g. Muslim Sects/Views/Customs, Other Faiths, . Hadith 1: English translation : Book 53, Hadith 1244: Arabic reference : Book 1, Hadith 1244 swore~ Circumcision is not compulsory in Islam but it is an important ritual aimed at improving cleanliness. In the male it is also called i'dhar. in Arabic with facing English text, commentary and appendices And Allah knows best. Another hadith attributed to Muhammad states: "the earth cries out to God in anguish because of the urine of the uncircumcised", and that "the earth becomes defiled from the urine of the uncircumcised for forty days". 1. Al-Mawsooah al-Fiqhiyyah (19/28). When a man sits between the four parts (arms and legs of his wife) and the The Messenger of Allah said to the woman who did circumcisions: Leave something sticking out and do not go to extremes in cutting. 'Uthman said, 'Go and circumcise them and purify them. The age at which it is performed varies depending on family, region and country. large, then part of it should be removed, otherwise it should be left alone. 3 pg. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Ijtihad include fatwas (opinions of Muslim religious scholars), which are often widely distributed and describe behaviour that conforms to religious requirements. They should go into ihram at the same place where they went into ihram [63] A hadith in Sahih Bukhari says: "I heard the Prophet saying. Khitan is a noun describing the action of the circumciser (khatin). Sarkar, Gaurav; Ashar, Hemal (15 April 2017). Hence Abd-Allah ibn Abbas was very strict on the issue of circumcision . See Silsilah al-Ahadith al-Da'ifah by al-Albani, no. Tehran, Al-Maktabah al-Islamiyyah, 1982. Circumcision is Sunnah for men and women. Finds terms that are similar in spelling. ", It is reported that al-Hasan said, "Are you not astonished by "[29] It is also believed that the urine of the uncircumcised is impure, while if one prays with unclean genitals their prayer may not be considered as acceptable, even of those who have been circumcised, meaning that it may have to be repeated again at a time when the believer has purified themselves and removed the impurity. Ibrahim stood up and swept him with ", Kathir ibn 'Ubayd said, "When someone in the family of 'A'isha Some Muslims see circumcision as a preventive measure against infection and diseases. (Tuhfat al-Mawlud, 1/152). and none Some Muslims who practise circumcision see it as a way of being like him. It is also used to describe the site of the circumcision, as in the hadith, "When the two circumcised parts (al-khitanan) meet, ghusl becomes obligatory." In the case of a female the word used is khafad. Vol 15. for him for his deen, his intellect and things like that.' dates. [2][7][14], According to some adth reports, Muhammad was born without a foreskin (a birth defect and medical condition known as aposthia),[1][2][7] while others maintain that his grandfather, Abd al-Mualib, circumcised him when he was seven days old. were to kiss his wife and no emission were to occur from that, he would only [CDATA[ Fatwas have been issued forbidding FGM,[13] favouring it,[14] and leaving the decision to parents but advising against it. This size [21] [21][6] In 1990 the IAC began referring to it as female genital mutilation, as did the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1991. hairs., In Saheeh The ritual dates back to the time of the Prophet. [47], Senior Muslim religious authorities agree that FGM is neither required nor prohibited by Islam. A hadith on the topic of female circumcision has been attributed to the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon Him), according to which he said: "Circumcision is a Sunnah for men, and an honour for women," but there is some debate as to the authenticity of this hadith. Joo dos Santos wrote in 1609 of a group near Mogadishu who had a "custome to sew up their Females, especially their slaves being young to make them unable for conception, which makes these slaves sell dearer, both for their chastitie, and for better confidence which their Masters put in them". [30], Islamic scriptures do not fix a particular time for circumcision. [1] However, there are other adth which don't name circumcision as part of the characteristics of fitra,[2][17] and yet another adth which names ten characteristics, again without naming circumcision;[2] in Sahih Muslim, Aisha, one of Muhammad's wives, is quoted with saying: "The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Ten are the acts according to fitra: clipping the mustache, letting the beard grow, using toothpicks, snuffing water in the nose, cutting the nails, washing the finger joints, plucking the hair under the armpits, shaving pubic hair and cleaning one's private parts with water. Hence immoral actions are more common among the women of the Tatars and the Franks, that are not found among the Muslim women. Female genital (sexual) mutilation or cutting off a part of her genital is certainly a crime against girls and there is no permission and justification for parents to do this operation. (Tuhfat al-Mawlud, 1/152) History of circumcision Alsirah al-halabiyyah. What it says in al-Sahih is that Ibrahim circumcised himself when he was eighty years old. [6], Islamic male circumcision is analogous but not identical to Jewish male circumcision. [61], One hadith from the Sunan Abu Dawood collection states: "A woman used to perform circumcision in Medina. That this occurred also among Muslims is shown by the following hadith: Various hadith define legal intercourse (for purity purposes) For men it consists of removing the prepuce from the penis, and for women, Circumcision was introduced to many lands of the Middle East and North Africa for the first time through Islam itself following the early Muslim conquests under the Rshidn Caliphate, whose commanders were the companions and contemporaries of Muhammad. Mohammad Salim al-Awa states that, while the hadith is authentic, it is not evidence of support for FGM. FGM is performed within the Dawoodi Bohra community in India, Pakistan, Yemen and East Africa. The point is that in the case of males, all the skin covering the tip of the penis should be cut, but in the case of females only a part of the skin that is like a roosters comb at the top of the vagina should be cut. It's true that circumcision is not mentioned in the Quran. "[28] Another narration from Jafar al-diq, the 6th Shte Imam, says: "Circumcise your sons when they are seven days old as it is cleaner (athar) and the flesh grows faster and because the earth hates the urine of the uncircumcised. test* "Circumcision is obligatory for men, and it is an honour for women, but it is not circumcisions in Madinah. [19] The only Jewish group known to have practiced it are the Beta Israel of Ethiopia.[c]. [16] Once in Israel, the women abandoned FGM. 'A'isha passed as some mistakenly assert). [by whom?] he had a large head of hair. removing the prepuce (Ar. 2016-01-11. In Islam, circumcision is not obligatory. The Shfi school instead regards it as binding on all Muslims, both males and females. [3] The circumciser can be either male or female,[3] and is not required to be a Muslim. I found him wearing Open in a separate window Who can be better in religion than one who submits his whole self to Allah, does good, and follows the way of Ibrahim the true in Faith? : : : ., : : : : : ., : : : ., : : : : . : ., : : : : ., : : : : : ., : : ., : : : : : : ., : : ., : : : : ., : : : : : : ., : : : : : : : ., : : : : : : : ., : : : : : ., : : : .. [7] Post-Islamic converts such as Afshin were found guilty in trials of remaining uncircumcised. peace, was circumcised when he was 120 years old. Wildcards e.g. '", Aslam, the client of 'Umar, said, "When we came to Syria with of them answered him. According to historians of religion and scholars of Religious studies, the Islamic tradition of circumcision was derived from the Pagan practices and rituals of pre-Islamic Arabia,[7] and is never mentioned in the Quran. woman who did circumcision in Madeenah as to the proper way of circumcision. De Buck, Adriaan and Gardiner, Alan (1961). [15], Several Muslim leaders have called for an end to the practice. [11] The Quran does not mention FGM or male circumcision. Malik said, "They should both sacrifice an animal." [73] The Ulema has been pushing the Indonesian government to circumcise girls, arguing that it is part of Islamic teachings. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 28(1), pp. [14] In addition to Sharia, the Ijtihad have been one of the four sources of Muslim law through the centuries. Ibn Qudamah said in al-Mughni (1/115): As for circumcision, it is obligatory for men and it is good in the case of women, but it is not obligatory for them. Is there a Hadith regarding female circumcision? "Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation", BBC News, 18 January 2010. 6 Tehran: Dar al-kutub al-islamiyyah. Hindu Javanese: Tengger Tradition and Islam. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8464671.stm, Dissecting the claims of legitimization for the ritual of female circumcision or female genital mutilation (FGM). "[64] Mohamed Salim Al-Awwa writes that it is unclear whether these requirements were meant for females. intercourse with her while she is doing hajj. ", Chapter: Circumcision at an old age, and pulling out armpit hair, , " ". . "" . M.F. authenticity of this hadith. The following is a summary of that, with additional comments from some other scholars. she exclaimed, 'A shaytan! Circumcision is the Sunnah of Prophet Ibrahim and the prophets after him. you. [75] Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, the highest-ranking Shia (Marja) in Iraq and the leader of the Hawza (Islamic University) of Najaf, forbids FGM on his website:[This quote needs a citation].mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}. 'A'isha passed After him, circumcision continued among the messengers and their followers, even the Messiah. (al-Mughni 1/70). 61382. her while she is doing umra, she must repeat the umra she has spoiled and Matches any set of one or more characters. ", "Considering Converting: Is it necessary to be circumcised? 45528. See Silsilah al-Ahadith al-Da'ifah by al-Albani, no. swore~ In the case of a woman, it means cutting the skin that looks like the comb of a rooster at the top of the vagina, between the two labia; if it is cut the base of it should be left like a date pit. Note first Click the link below to subscribe to our newsletter and get all the latest from Hadith Answers. have to sacrifice an animal. ibn al-Musayyab asking a group of people, "What do you think about 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, the chief came to him, 'Amir al-Mu'minin, I have Vol.1 Beirut: Al-maktabah al-islamiyyah. In this matter, it is wise to follow the interests of the female: if the clitoris is "Do not abuse (i.e. Matches any set of one or more characters. Circumcision Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Ibrahim, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was circumcised when he was eighty years old. Islam protects the rights of women to sexual enjoyment and health and if the act of circumcision by any chance violates these rights it would be considered Haram. Religious views on female genital mutilation, Samuel Waje Kunhiyop (2008): "Nowhere in all of Scripture or in any of recorded church history is there even a hint that women were to be circumcised.". In the Sunnah, Muhammad stated that circumcision was a "law for men.". to do another hajj and sacrifice an animal. [2][3][4][7] Therefore, there is a wide variation in practice among Muslim communities around the world, with children often being circumcised in late childhood or early adolescence. 1 "Circumcision is obligatory (for every male and female) (by cutting off the piece of skin on the glans of the penis of the male, but circumcision of the female is by cutting out the bazr 'clitoris' [this is called khufaadh 'female circumcision'])." 'Umdat al-Salik e4.3, but circumcision of the female is by cutting out the clitoris This is seeking perfection, not removing something harmful. (Al-Sharh al-Mumti, 1/133-134). for the hajj that they spoiled, and they should keep apart until they have The Prophet said to her: Do not cut severely as that is better for a woman and more desirable for a husband." cloak and Musa broke his fast. "Religious Circumcision: A Muslim View". [36] It is not in the Quran,[37]:10041005 and the Islamic position on it was historically unclear, with a few supposedly "weak" hadith encouraging it, and others discouraging it. For example swore~ would result in swore, snore, score, etc. know of any hadeeth in which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah [1][23], Circumcision was introduced to many lands of the Middle East and North Africa for the first time through Islam itself following the early Muslim conquests under the Rshidn Caliphate, whose commanders were the companions and contemporaries of Muhammad. ("pledge allegiance" OR "shelter) AND prayer Allah's Messenger () said "The Prophet) Abraham circumcised himself after [56], In 2018, the Islamic Central Council of Switzerland classified removal of the clitoral prepuce, a less severe form of FGM, as sunna (recommended). . With regard to a man, he cannot be clean from urine unless he is circumcised, because drops of urine collect underneath the foreskin and he cannot be sure that they will not drip and make his clothes and body impure. 1981:34, DS Hellsten. [4][2] Amad ibn anbal (founder of the anbal school), Ab anfa al-Numn (founder of the anaf school), and Mlik ibn Anas (founder of the Mlik school) all maintain that circumcision is not obligatory; cleansing of the foreskin is recommended instead. of the clitoris will vary from woman to woman, and there may be differences between "Five practices are characteristics of the Fitra: circumcision, shaving the pubic hair, cutting the moustaches short, clipping the nails, and depilating the hair of the armpits." Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless He was circumcised with an axe (qadum)." . There is no equivalent of a Jewish 'mohel' in Islam. metaphor is the circumcised parts of the man and the woman. This page was last edited on 26 April 2023, at 13:40. [22] The WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA defined FGM in 1997 as "all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons". [6][15] Some adth report that Heraclius, Emperor of the Byzantine Empire, had referred to Muhammad as "the king of the circumcised". Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless Matches any set of one or more characters. [6][10], FGM is practised predominantly within certain Muslim societies,[11] but it also exists within some adjacent Christian and animist groups. That makes her face look brighter and is more pleasing to her husband. That is because the purpose of circumcising a man is to make him clean from the impurity that may collect beneath the foreskin. In fact studying all these chains of narrators benefits a student of the science of hadith by introducing more than 30 problematic and weak narrators of hadith to him/her who are all over these chains of narrators. A study in 1997 found that one third of the 113 Beta Israel women examined had experienced it; 27 percent had undergone partial or total clitoridectomy. According to reporter Mariz Tadros, they "offered to circumcise women for a nominal fee as part of their community services, a move that threatens to reverse decades of local struggle against the harmful practice. two circumcised parts meet, then ghusl is obligatory., According to "Yes," she replied. Sahih Bukhari Hadith No. to do another hajj." If the circumcision is too severe, the desire is weakened altogether, which is unpleasing for men; but if it is cut without going to extremes in that, the purpose will be achieved, which is moderating desire. Found on the sarcophagus of Sit-Hedj-Hotep, the spell dates to Egypt's Middle Kingdom (c.19911786 BCE). [2][4][5] It is considered a sign of belonging to the wider Muslim community (Ummah). It is most likely that what is referred to in the hadith is the tool. Paying money for circumcision: Permissible. That will be a stronger and nobler action for me.' For the majority of Muslims, circumcision is seen as an introduction to the Islamic faith and a sign of belonging. [77] In 2017 two doctors and a third woman connected to the Dawoodi Bohra in Detroit, Michigan, were arrested on charges of conducting FGM on two seven-year-old girls in the United States. ("pledge allegiance" OR "shelter) AND prayer Imam Ahmad said: Ibn 'Abbas was very strict on this matter, and it was narrated that there is no Hajj and no prayer for him, i.e., if a person is not circumcised his Hajj and prayer are not valid. Vol. husband several times during hajj or umra out of obedience to him only has Related. ("pledge allegiance" OR "shelter) AND prayer gave him the name 'Abdullah. Rizvi et al. as occuring when the circumcized parts cross or touch each other. "[35] Type III FGM became linked to slavery. (Source), general My father had a son born to him and he invited this man on the day that that the above translation of the Manual of Shafi'i jurisprudence (fiqh) Question: Is female circumcision obligatory or is tradition and merely recommended?Answer: If the purpose of female genital circumcision is cutting clitoris this operation is not right and is not a religious tradition. Narrated Abu Huraira: I heard the Prophet () saying. [57], The various schools of Islamic jurisprudence have expressed differing views on FGM. "The day I saw 248 girls suffering genital mutilation", The Guardian. If, "Yes," she replied. (Tuhfat al-Mawlud, 1/152) History of circumcision What does the Hadith say about circumcision? For example swore~ would result in swore, snore, score, etc. All questions were either answered or checked by Moulana Haroon Abasoomar (rahimahullah) who was a Shaykhul Hadith in South Africa, or by his son, Moulana Muhammad Abasoomar (hafizahullah) a Hadith specialist. years after that. [42] In Arabic, the practice is referred to as khaf (Arabic: ) or khifa (Arabic: ).
